{"id":1512,"date":"2024-01-02T02:59:04","date_gmt":"2024-01-02T02:59:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/am-printing.com\/?p=1512"},"modified":"2024-01-02T02:59:41","modified_gmt":"2024-01-02T02:59:41","slug":"nickel-alloy-powders-for-3d-printing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/am-printing.com\/ja\/nickel-alloy-powders-for-3d-printing\/","title":{"rendered":"3D\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u7528\u30cb\u30c3\u30b1\u30eb\u5408\u91d1\u7c89\u672b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nickel alloys offer excellent corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and mechanical properties. This makes them suitable for additive manufacturing of complex components exposed to extreme environments. This article provides an overview of key nickel alloy powder<\/a> grades, properties, applications, specifications, and suppliers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Overview<\/strong> of nickel alloys powder<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nickel alloy powders can be used to print intricate metal parts with properties unmatched by other materials using powder bed fusion or directed energy deposition processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alloy systems:<\/strong> Ni-based superalloys, stainless steels, alloy steels, nickel copper alloys, nickel cobalt alloys, and nickel titanium shape memory alloys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Powder production:<\/strong> Mainly gas atomized with some plasma atomization; spherical morphology and controlled size distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Powder sizes:<\/strong> From 15 microns to 150 microns depending on alloy; finer sizes for better resolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key properties<\/strong>: Heat resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, strength at high temperatures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"nickel<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Composition and Microstructure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nickel alloy chemistry, phases present, defects formed during printing, and microstructural features determine properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Common nickel alloys<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alloy<\/th>Nickel<\/th>Chromium<\/th>Iron<\/th>Niobium<\/th>Molybdenum<\/th>Aluminum + Titanium<\/th>Carbon<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Inconel 718<\/td>50-55%<\/td>17-21%<\/td>Bal.<\/td>4.75-5.5%<\/td>2.8-3.3%<\/td>0.65-1.15%<\/td>0.04% max<\/td><\/tr>
Inconel 625<\/td>58% min<\/td>20-23%<\/td>2% max<\/td>3.15-4.15%<\/td>8-10%<\/td>0.4% max<\/td>0.1% max<\/td><\/tr>
Hastelloy X<\/td>Bal.<\/td>21-25%<\/td>18% max<\/td>–<\/td>8-10%<\/td>0.3-1.0%<\/td>0.15% max<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Microstructure:<\/strong> Mix of gamma nickel FCC matrix and carbide, boride, or intermetallic precipitates. Cooling rate affects grain size and precipitates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Porosity and cracks:<\/strong> Process-induced lack of fusion defects degrade properties and fatigue resistance. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) helps reduce porosity in nickel alloys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Properties and Performance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nickel alloy parts properties depend on composition, AM process variables, build orientation, heat treatment, HIP and testing direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Physical properties<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alloy<\/th>Density (g\/cc)<\/th>Melting point (\u00b0C)<\/th>Thermal conductivity (W\/m-K)<\/th>Coeff. of thermal expansion (10-6\/K)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Inconel 718<\/td>8.19<\/td>1260-1336<\/td>11.4<\/td>13.0<\/td><\/tr>
Inconel 625<\/td>8.44<\/td>1260-1350<\/td>9.8<\/td>13.1<\/td><\/tr>
Haynes 282<\/td>8.24<\/td>1310-1375<\/td>11.1<\/td>13.3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mechanical properties<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alloy<\/th>Yield strength (MPa)<\/th>Tensile strength (MPa)<\/th>Elongation (%)<\/th>Hardness (HRC)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
As-printed Inconel 718<\/td>500-900<\/td>900-1200<\/td>10-25<\/td>30-45<\/td><\/tr>
HIP Inconel 718<\/td>690-830<\/td>1035-1240<\/td>12-22<\/td>36-43<\/td><\/tr>
As-printed Hastelloy X<\/td>450-650<\/td>760-900<\/td>30-35<\/td>25-35<\/td><\/tr>
Haynes 282<\/td>485-550<\/td>860-1030<\/td>25-40<\/td>30-36<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

High temperature properties:<\/strong> Excellent creep rupture, stress rupture, oxidation and hot corrosion resistance up to 700\u00b0C for nickel superalloys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Applications of Nickel Alloy Additive Manufacturing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Unique geometries and properties expand uses for 3D printed nickel alloy components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aerospace:<\/strong> Turbine blades, combustors, thrust chambers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oil and gas:<\/strong> Wellhead valves, subsea manifolds, separators<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nuclear:<\/strong> Reactor vessels and internals exposed to high temperatures, pressure and irradiation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Automotive<\/strong>: Turbocharger wheels and housings, supercharger rotors, fuel injector nozzles<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chemical:<\/strong> Pumps, valves, heat exchanger tubes, reaction vessels corrosion resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tooling:<\/strong> Conformal cooling channels integrated into injection molds for plastics<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Food and pharmaceutical:<\/strong> Hoppers, conveyors compatible with CIP\/SIP and industry hygiene standards<\/p>\n\n\n